French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) was the first artist to use the palette knife as a painting tool in a major way liberating painting from brushes alone.
Prior to Courbet, usage of the palette knife was a highlight here, a discreet paint application there. Not for Courbet. Courbet was already a rule breaker declaring his interest to paint reality and real life social drama rather than the historic and religious subject matter of the day. A totally admirable passionate dude and worth reading about.
Check out the paint action in this Courbet painting shown here; THE WAVE, which is in the Musee Des Beaux Arts in Lyon, France. Courbet expresses the subject matter with the palette knife creating a whole new expressive dynamic and texture. We feel the raw power of the ocean in this painting thanks to the fresh raw application of the paint. The foam of the waves sits on the uppermost layers as fresh untampered marks, very different to how his
contemporaries were painting with their pointy fine brushes and smooth painting finish.
Courbet was a true genius giving himself permission to work in this immediate way and in doing so created a whole new range of painting effects that seemed to energize the paint with movement rather than hold the subject captive and stiff. This new approach worked perfectly to capture the grandeur of nature.
If you isolate a section of the wave foam part of the painting it looks like an abstract painting.
Courbet would influence generations of artists to come including the French Impressionists and Post Impressionist paintings.
IMAGE COURTESY OF WIKIPEDIA WHO HAS A FABULOUS ARTICLE ON GUSTAVE COURBET WORTH READING TO GAIN A FULL UNDERSTANDING OF THE LIFE WORK AND THE IDEALS OF THIS ARTIST
By Gustave Courbet - Œuvre appartenant au Musée des Beaux-Arts de LyonConsulter la fiche d'oeuvre sur le site du musée > http://www.mba-lyon.fr/mba/sections/fr/collections-musee/peintures/oeuvres-peintures/xixe_siecle/courbet_la-vague, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=47551317