Dr. Gerald Pollack has a PhD in biomedical engineering and is a professor of bioengineering at the University of Washington. He is also the editor-in-chief of the Journal Water, and convener of the Annual Conference on the Physics, Chemistry, and Biology of Water. He is the executive director of the Institute for Venture Science. His interests have ranged broadly from biological motion and cell biology to the interaction of biological surfaces with aqueous solutions like water. In 2001, he wrote his second book named Cells, Gels, and the Engines of Life and in 2022 wrote his third book: The Fourth Phase of Water: Beyond Solid, Liquid and Vapor. 
 

Two decades ago, Dr. Pollack met with Dr. Gilbert Ling, another biologist who had started the idea that water in our cells was “structured” and had written much about that in many papers and books. Many think he should have won a Nobel prize for his work and Professor Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, who discovered vitamin C, said “Dr. Ling is one of the most inventive biochemists I have ever met”. Ling, who passed away in 2019 just short of his 100^th birthday, spent his career questioning the sodium-potassium pump theory on how cells exchange materials...